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| Product Name | TK 210 (Thymidine Kinase 1 (TK1)) ELISA Assay Kit |
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| Description | The AroCell TK 210 ELISA Assay kit is a quantitative enzyme immunoassay. The test procedure is based on the sequential addition of sample, a biotin labeled anti-TK1 monoclonal antibody, streptavidin labeled enzyme-conjugate and substrate to Microtiter wells coated with another monoclonal anti-TK1 IgG. The resultant color intensity is proportional to the amount of TK1 present in the sample. The assay range is approximately 0 - 17 µg/L and the total assay incubation time is 4 hours and 45 minutes. Sample Types: serum. Range: 0-17 ug/L. Time: 4.75 hours • Thymidine kinases phosphorylate thymidine to thymidine-monophosphate enabling subsequent incorporation into DNA. Thymidine Kinase 1 (TK1) concentrations in the cell are low in the G0/G1 phase (resting phase) of the cell cycle but increase during the S/G2 phases, when DNA synthesis occurs, and then decrease during mitosis (1). The presence of TK1 in cells is thus an indicator of active cellular proliferation. Sustained proliferation is a hallmark of cancer. Up-regulation of TK1 occurs during cancer development and elevated TK1 levels have been reported also in pre-cancerous conditions (2). Increased TK1 expression is often associated with increased expression of other cell proliferation markers such as the Ki-67 Antigens and proliferating cell nuclear Antigens (PCNA) although studies have shown that TK1 may be more useful as a proliferation marker than either of them (3). TK1 in Serum 95% of serum TK1 activity in cancer positive samples is apparently tumor derived, making TK1 an excellent indicator of proliferation and cell turnover (4). Serum TK1 enzyme activity has been shown to be elevated in subjects with many forms of cancer, including leukemia, lymphoma, prostate, breast, lung, sarcoma and colon cancer patients (5). Measuring TK1 in serum is a useful complement to immunohistological testing with proliferation biomarkers and has a practical advantage in simplifying serial testing. Some studies found that, together with that of traditional tumor biomarkers (e.g. CA 15-3), TK1 activity provided an indication of the rate of cell proliferation and cell turnover, while other markers were related to tumor mass (6).High pre-treatment serum TK1 activities have been associated with shorter progression-free and overall survival in subjects with breast cancer6. Conversely, subjects with cancer but with low serum TK1 values often show improved survival (7). Continued elevations in serum TK1 following surgery may indicate residual tumor cells and an increased risk of disease progression.Thymidine Kinase 1 (TK1) has been used as a valuable biomarker for cellular proliferation since 1980, however, previous methods were based on enzyme activity measurements that may be subject to interference (8) and may underestimate TK1, especially in serum from subjects with solid tumors. Furthermore, serum TK1 occurs as aggregates with a range of molecular weights and specific activities and this distribution differs between serum from healthy subjects and those with tumors (9).The AroCell TK 210 ELISA Assay kit procedure includes pre-treatment of the samples with a sample dilution buffer that makes TK1 aggregates more readily accessible for immunoassay. The AroCell TK 210 ELISA brings the specificity and sensitivity of immunoassay to the assay of TK1 and offers improved accuracy, especially when studying serum TK1 derived from patients with solid tumors10. A study comparing TK1 levels in healthy and breast cancer subjects showed the AroCell TK 210 ELISA to better distinguish between these groups than an enzyme activity assay (10). The AroCell TK 210 ELISA will provide new opportunities for studying cellular proliferation, tumor cell turnover and therapy response in subjects with solid tumors. |
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| Size | 1 x 96 well |
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| Concentration | n/a |
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| Applications | RUO |
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| Other Names | TK 210 Thymidine Kinase 1 TK1 |
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| Gene, Accession, CAS # | n/a |
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| Catalog # | 139959 |
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| Order / More Info | TK 210 (Thymidine Kinase 1 (TK1)) ELISA Assay Kit from EAGLE BIOSCIENCES INC. |
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| Product Specific References | n/a |
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