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Combined Mechanical Characterizations Increases Sensitivity in the Assessment of Human Cartilage DegenerationSim S, Hadjab I, Chevrolat L-A, Masse M, Tong AL, Lavigne P, Garon M, Quenneville E and Buschmann MDAccepted for a podium presentation at ORS 2017

Introduction: We published a recent study showing superior sensitivity of electromechanical and indentation (instantaneous response) assessments versus well-established techniques, including histological Mankin s, to characterize cartilage degeneration. This study aims to determine whether the combination of instantaneous, relaxation and equilibrium mechanical properties and friction...Read More

Development of a Sequence of Mechanical Tests for Articular Cartilage at a Single LocationSim S, Chartrand A, Lavallee AP, Tessier J, Garon M, Quenneville E and Buschmann MDOrthopeadic Research Society Annual Meeting in Orlando, 2016

In a recent study, our group has highlighted the importance of considering the natural topographic variability of the mechanical properties over the articular surface, particularly in the context of cartilage repair, where it can screen the effect of a treatment [1]. Moreover, the availability of test sample is limited in those repair studies since the regions of interest are often limited in size....Read More

Evaluation of Entire Ovine Cartilage Repair Articular Surfaces: Mechanical and Electromechanical AssessmentSim S, Hadjab I, Garon M, Quenneville E, Hurtig MB, Buschmann MD and Hoemann CDTransactions of International Cartilage Repair Society (ICRS), Chicago, 2015, 7-11 May 2015, e-Poster: P87

Purpose: To demonstrate the ability of non-destructive electromechanical device and automated indentation technique in assessing the quality of cartilage in a sheep model of cartilage repair.

Methods: Ex vivo electromechanical and mechanical mappings of articular surfaces (~40 positions/map) were performed over distal condyles from 5 treated sheep (8 – 9 y-o,...Read More

Wound Healing Revealed by a Novel Automated Indentation TechniqueSim S, Garon M, Quenneville E and Buschmann MDCanadian Connective Tissue Conference 2015 in Quebec, Canada

Introduction: Mechanical characterization of wound healing in skin samples mostly relies on uniaxial tensile rupture tests, which provide local information along the wound and are disruptive for samples (Chao et al., 2011). In this study, we wanted to test the ability of a novel automated indentation technique to non-destructively characterize mechanical properties of the entire wound and its...Read More

Correlation of Non-destructive Electromechanical Probe () Assessment with Histological Ss, Biochemical Composition and Mechanical Properties in Human Knee JointsSim S, Chevrier A, Quenneville E, Garon M and Buschmann MDTransactions of the 60th Annual Meeting of the Orthopaedic Research Society, New Orleans, LA, USA, Poster 0439, 2014

Introduction: Histological scoring, biochemical analyses and biomechanical testing (unconfined compression) are often seen as gold standard characterizations for articular cartilage but can present major drawbacks in the context of animal and human studies where characterization of complete intact articular cartilage surfaces is required. In particular, histology, biochemical and mechanical...Read More

Change in viability of C2C12 myoblasts under compression, shear and oxidative challengesHong Y, Yao Y, Wong S, Bian L and Mak AFJournal of biomechanics, 49(8), 1305-1310. (2016)

letal and epidermal loadings can damage muscle cells and contribute to the development of deep tissue injury (DTI) – a severe kind of pressure ulcers affecting many people with disability. Important predisposing factors include the multiaxial stress and strain fields in the internal tissues, particularly the vulnerable muscles around bony prominences. A careful study of the mechanical damage thresholds...Read More

Review Paper: Fifty years of brain tissue mechanical testing: From in vitro to in vivo investigationsChatelin S, Constantinesco A and Willinger RBiorheology 47 (2010) 255–276. DOI 10.3233/BIR-2010-0576

Beginning in the 1960s many studies have been performed to investigate the mechanical properties of brain. In this paper we point out the difficulties linked with in vitro experimental protocols as well as the advantages of using recently developed non-invasive in vivo techniques, such as magnetic resonance elastography. Results of in vitro and in vivo work are compared, emphasizing the specificities...Read More

Characterization of tissue engineered cartilage products - Recent developments in advanced therapyMaciulaitis J, Rekstyte S, Usas A, Jankauskaite V, Gudas R, Malinauskas M and Maciulaitis RPharmacological Research 113 (2016) 823–832

Legislative requirements for the quality of pharmacological agents underwent certain evolution when new type of therapies emerged. This relates to cell based medicines, such as tissue engineered cartilage products (TECP) which are increasingly developed as new modalities for widely prevalent orthopaedic disorders. Although quality measures for TECP are subject to the same general regulatory quality...Read More

Sensitivity of indentation testing to step-off edges and interface integrity in cartilage repairBae W, Law A, Amiel D and Sah RAnn Biomed Eng, 32(3), 360-369. (2004)

Step-off edges and tissue interfaces are prevalent in cartilage injury such as after intra-articular fracture and reduction, and in focal defects and surgical repair procedures such as osteochondral graft implantation. It would be useful to assess the function of injured or donor tissues near such step-off edges and the extent of integration at material interfaces. The objective of this study was to...Read More

Novel Technique to Map the Biomechanical Properties of Entire Articular Surfaces Using Indentation to Identify Osteoarthritis-like RegionsSim S, Chevrier A, Garon M, Quenneville E and Buschmann MDTransactions of the 60th Annual Meeting of the Orthopaedic Research Society, 2014, New Orleans, LA, USA, 2015, Poster #2015

Introduction: It is challenging to identify and grade degenerated regions of the entire articular surface both quantitatively and non-destructively. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the ability of a novel technique to automatically characterize mechanical properties of entire articular surfaces in indentation to rapidly discriminate between damaged articular cartilage...Read More

Electromechanical probe and automated indentation maps are sensitive techniques in assessing early degenerated human articular cartilageSim S, Chevrier A, Garon M, Quenneville E, Lavigne P, Yaroshinsky A, Hoemann CD and Buschmann MDJ Orthop Res, 35(4) 858-867. (2017) Epub 2016 Jun 22

Recent advances in the development of new drugs to halt or even reverse the progression of Osteoarthritis at an early-stage requires new tools to detect early degeneration of articular cartilage. We investigated the ability of an electromechanical...Read More

Indentation Method to Map Mechanical Properties of Articular Surface to Identify Degenerated RegionsSim S, Chevrier A, Garon M, Quenneville E and Buschmann MD2014 Annual Meeting of the Biomedical Engineering Society, 2014, San Antonio, TX, USA. Podium presentation (ID: OP-Sat-3-4)

Introduction: The identification and quantitative grading of early degenerated regions over an entire articular surface remains a challenging quest. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability of a novel technique to automatically characterize mechanical properties of entire human articular surfaces in indentation in order to rapidly and non-destructively discriminate between...Read More

Relevance of the Spatial Distribution of Mechanical Properties of Articular Cartilage in Animal StudiesSim S, Hadjab I, Garon M, Quenneville E, and Buschmann MDOrthopeadic Research Society Annual Meeting in Las Vegas, 2015, Poster 0359

Introduction: In cartilage regeneration and repair, mechanical testing of articular cartilage characterizes functional restoration of the repair site [1] and can detect early degeneration of articular cartilage [2]. However, the experimental design often incorporates the use of cartilage adjacent to the treated site or at contralateral sites as normal references to evaluate the effect of treatment...Read More

Cartilage Stiffness and Thickness Distributions Revealed by an Automated Indentation Technique in the Temporomandibular JointSim S, Matuska A, Garon M, Quenneville E, McFetridge P and Buschmann MDTMJ Bioengineering Conference - V, September 12-13, 2016, Barcelona, Spain

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the capability of an automated indentation technique to reveal the topographical variation of mechanical properties over the entire articular surface of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), especially the thickness and instantaneous modulus (IM). Mechanical properties of visually normal temporal bones and condyles of a porcine TMJ were mapped ex vivo using a...Read More

Assessment of Human Articular Cartilage Issued from Asymptomatic & TKR DonorsHadjab I, Sim S, Quenneville E, Garon M and Buschmann MDBiomedical Engineering Society 2015 in Tampa, Floride

Introduction: Cartilage degeneration is a progressive process and currently, only end-stage surgical treatments such as total knee replacement (TKR) lead to an improved condition. To prevent or delay this surgery, several less invasive alternatives could be considered, such as pharmacological treatments, scaffolds and partial replacements1. However, current diagnostic techniques are limited...Read More

Tailoring hydrogel surface properties to modulate cellular response to shear loadingMeinert C, Schrobback K, Levett PA, Lutton C, Sah R and Klein TJActa biomaterialia, October 2016. DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.10.011

Biological tissues at articulating surfaces, such as articular cartilage, typically have remarkable low-friction properties that limit tissue shear during movement. However, these frictional properties change with trauma, aging, and disease, resulting in an altered mechanical state within the tissues. Yet, it remains unclear how these surface changes affect the behaviour of embedded cells when the...Read More

Viscoelasticity and histology of the human cartilage in healthy and degenerated conditions of the kneeMichael Seidenstuecker, Julius Watrinet , Anke Bernstein, Norbert P. Suedkamp , Sergio H. Latorre Anastasija Maks and Hermann O. MayrJournal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research, November 2019, 14:256. DOI: 10.1186/s13018-019-1308-5

Background: There are many studies on osteoarthritis, but only a few studies deal with human arthrosis, comparing the mechanical properties of healthy and diseased samples. In most of these studies, only isolated areas of the tibia are examined. There is currently only one study investigating the complete mapping of cartilage tissue but not the difference between instantaneous modulus (IM)...Read More

High Impact Exercise Improves Bone Microstructure and Strength in Growing RatsM. Tanvir, I. Londono, F. Moldovan and I. VillemureNature Scientific Reports, volume 9, Article number: 13128 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-49432-2

Physical activity is beneficial for letal development. However, impact sports during adolescence, leading to bone growth retardation and/or bone quality improvement, remains unexplained. This study investigated the effects of in vivo low (LI), medium (MI), and high (HI) impact loadings applied during puberty on bone growth, morphometry and biomechanics using a rat model. 4-week old rats (n=30)...Read More

Articulation-Induced Responses of Superficial Zone Chondrocytes in Human Knee Articular Cartilage - Effects of Shear and SlidingHsu FH, Hui AY, Chen AC, Lotz MK and Sah ROrthopeadic Research Society Annual Meeting in Las Vegas, Abstract 0256

Introduction: During daily physical activities, joint articulation results in 3-10% compression in its overall thickness. There is also consensus that articulation is a combined process of shearing and sliding, with relative rotational and translational motions between femoral condyle and tibia cartilage at least at the millimeter scale 2,3. The macroscale motions in the joint which translates...Read More

Evaluation of a novel technique to map the mechanical properties of an entire articular surface in indentationSim S, Quenneville E, Garon M, Hoemann CD, Hurtig M and Buschmann MDInternational Cartilage Repair Society (ICRS), Turkey, 2013, Podium presentation (11.2.9)

Purpose: Mechanical testing of articular cartilage is recommended by the FDA for products intended for the repair or replacement of knee cartilage. One experimental configuration that has many practical advantages is indentation. However, one limitation is the need to perpendicularly position the articular surface to the indenter. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability of...Read More

Novel Technique to Map the Biomechanical Properties of Entire Articular Surfaces Using Indentation to Identify Degenerated (Osteoarthritis-like) CartilageSim S, Chevrier A, Garon M, Quenneville E and Buschmann MD7th World Congress on Biomechanics, 2014, Boston, MA, USA. Poster 2229

Introduction: A currently unsatisfied need in Arthritis and cartilage research is to assess the function of the entire articular cartilage surface both quantitatively and non-destructively. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability of a novel automatic technique to characterize mechanical properties of entire articular surfaces in indentation in order to rapidly discriminate...Read More

Novel Technique to Map the Biomechanical Properties of Entire Mice Articular Surfaces Using IndentationSim S, Lavoie JF, Moreau A, Quenneville E, Garon M, and Buschmann MDOsteoarthritis and Cartilage, 22(1), 541. World Congress on Osteoarthritis, April 2014, Paris, France.

Purpose: An important measure of articular cartilage function in health and disease is its biomechanical properties. While much research has mouse models of osteoarthritis, the assessment of biomechanical properties in these small joints is quite challenging. We have previously developed novel and easily implemented indentation technique on sheep stifle joints and rat knee joints. The purpose...Read More

Streaming Potential-Based Arthroscopic Device Can Detect Changes Immediately Following Localized Impact in an Equine Impact Model of OsteoarthritisChangoor A, Quenneville E, Garon M, Hurtig MB and Buschmann MDOsteoarthritis and Cartilage, Vol. 17, Supplement 1, S53, World Congress on Osteoarthritis, September 2009, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. (2009)

Early Post-traumatic Osteoarthritis (PTOA) can be asymptomatic but represents a possible window of opportunity for therapeutic intervention before disease progression. Impact models are ideal for studying these strategies because the location and severity of impact can be controlled. Streaming potentials generated during cartilage compression are a sensitive measure of degeneration, which may be valuable...Read More

Mapping Articular Cartilage Biomechanical Properties of Normal and Osteoarthritis Mice Using IndentationLavoie JF, Sim S, Quenneville E, Garon M, Moreau A, Buschmann MD and Aubin CE2015 International Cartilage Repair Society, May 7-11 2015, Chicago, Illinois, USA. Podium presentation (ID: 23.2.9)

Purpose: Due to their size (~1mm), mouse models pose significant challenges to map biomechanical properties over their articular surfaces. The purpose of this study was to determine if an automated indentation technique could be used to map the biomechanical properties of the articular surfaces in murine knees and to identify early alterations of the articular cartilage of a mouse strain (STR/ort)...Read More

Mapping Articular Cartilage Biomechanical Properties of Normal and Osteoarthritic Mice Using IndentationLavoie JF, Sim S, Quenneville E, Garon M, Moreau A, Buschmann MD and Aubin CEOsteoarthritis and Cartilage 23 Suppl. 2, p. A254 (2015)

Purpose: Due to their size (~1mm), mouse models pose significant challenges to map biomechanical properties over their articular surfaces. The purpose of this study was to determine if an automated indentation technique could be used to map the biomechanical properties of the articular surfaces in murine knees and to identify early alterations of the articular cartilage of a mouse strain (STR/ort)...Read More

Changes in Free Calcium Alter the Mechanical Properties of the Intervertebral DiscI. Hadjab, M.P. Grant, L.M. Epure, M. Garon, E. Quenneville, J. Anthoniou, F. Mwale and M.D. BuschmannInternational Conference on the Mechanics of Biomaterials and Tissues, Hawaii, USA, 1 2 Dec 2017, Podium O.48. Presented by E. Quenneville

Introduction: Low back pain is often attributed to pathological intervertebral disc (IVD) mechanics. Since we recently discovered that increased free calcium (Ca2+) concentration in the human IVD leads to matrix degradation, we hypothesized that elevations in Ca2+ also impair IVD mechanics. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of free Ca2+ on the mechanical properties of the...Read More

Long Term Efficacy of Cartilage Repair Induced By scSOX9 in Situ with Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem CellsZhang X, Wu S, Zhu Y, Chu CQArthritis Rheumatol. 2018; 70 (suppl 10). Abstract Number 850

Background/Purpose: Microfracture induces fibrocartilage or fibro-hyaline cartilage both are biomechanically inferior to hyaline cartilage. We reported previously that a super positively charged SOX9 (scSOX9) improved the quality of microfracture induced cartilage repair by inducing mesenchymal stem cell differentiation into chondrocytes and promoting hyaline-like cartilage. Here we examined...Read More

The effect of terminal sterilization on structural and biophysical properties of a decellularized collagen-based scaffold; implications for stem cell adhesionMatuska AM and McFetridge PSJ Biomed Mater Res Part B, 2014, pp 1-10

Terminal sterilization induces physical and chemical changes in the extracellular matrix (ECM) of ex vivo-derived biomaterials due to their aggressive mechanism of action. Prior studies have focused on how sterilization affects the mechanical integrity of tissue-based biomaterials but have rarely characterized effects on early cellular interaction, which is indicative of the biological response. Using...Read More

Stochastic resonance is a method to improve the biosynthetic response of chondrocytes to mechanical stimulationWeber JF and Waldman SDJournal of Orthopaedic Research 08/2015; DOI:10.1002/jor.23000

Cellular mechanosensitivity is an important factor during the mechanical stimulation of tissue engineered cartilage. While the application of mechanical stimuli improves and properties, chondrocytes also rapidly desensitize under prolonged loading thereby limiting its effectiveness. One potential method to mitigate load-induced desensitization is by superimposing noise on the loading...Read More

Development and Validation of Large-Sized Engineering Cartilage Constructs in Full-Thickness Chondral Defects in a Rabbit ModelBrenner JMaster thesis Queen's University. (2012)

Long-term applicability of current surgical interventions for the repair of articular cartilage is jeopardized by the formation of mechanically inferior repair tissue. Cartilage tissue engineering offers the possibility of developing functional repair tissue, similar to that of native cartilage, enabling long-lasting repair of cartilage defects. Current techniques, however, rely on the need for a large...Read More

Growth Factor Stimulation Improves the Structure and Properties of Scaffold-Free Engineered Auricular Cartilage ConstructsRosa RG, Joazeiro PP, Bianco J, Kunz M, Weber JF, et alPLoS ONE 9(8): e105170. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0105170. (2014)

The reconstruction of the external ear to correct congenital deformities or repair following trauma remains a significant challenge in reconstructive surgery. Previously, we have developed a novel approach to create caffold-free, tissue engineering elastic cartilage constructs directly from a small population of donor cells. Although the developed constructs appeared to adopt the structural appearance...Read More

Micro-CT visualization and indentation properties of whole meniscus following mercury exposureKolaczek S, Changoor A, Hurtig M, Gordon K and Getgood AAnnual Meeting of the ORS, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA, March 15-18, 2014.

A major risk factor for knee osteoarthritis (OA) is meniscal injury or excision. Surgeons now advocate for meniscal repair or allografts rather than excision with this knowledge in hand. Clinical assessment of the meniscal load sharing is limited to meniscus position by MRI, so the efficacy of replacement and repair must be done in cadaveric knees. In the past, pressure sensitive film and mechanical...Read More

Engineering of Hyaline Cartilage with a Calcified Zone Using Bone Marrow Stromal CellsLee WD, Hurtig MB, Pilliar RM, Stanford WL and Kandel RAOsteoarthritis and Cartilage (2015), doi: 10.1016/j.joca.2015.04.010

In healthy joints, a zone of calcified cartilage (ZCC) provides the mechanical integration between articular cartilage and subchondral bone. Recapitulation of this architectural feature should serve to resist the constant shear force from the movement of the joint and prevent the delamination of tissue-engineered cartilage. Previous approaches to create the ZCC at the cartilage-substrate interface...Read More

Association of 3-dimensional cartilage and bone structure with articular cartilage properties in and adjacent to autologous osteochondral grafts after 6 and 12 months in a goat modelChan EF, Liu IL, Semler EJ, Aberman HM, Simon TM, Chen AC, Truncale KG and Sah RLCartilage, 3(3), 255-266. (2012)

The articular cartilage of autologous osteochondral grafts is typically different in structure and function from local host cartilage and thereby presents a remodeling challenge. The hypothesis of this study was that properties of the articular cartilage of trochlear autografts and adjacent femoral condyle are associated with the 3-dimensional (3-D) geometrical match between grafted and contralateral...Read More

Mechanical characterization of matrix-induced autologous chondrocyte implantation (MACI®) grafts in an equine model at 53 weeksGriffin DJ, Bonnevie ED, Lachowsky DJ, Hart JC, Sparks HD, Moran N and Bonassar LJJournal of biomechanics, 48(10), 1944-1949. (2015)

There has been much interest in using autologous chondrocytes in combination with scaffold materials to aid in cartilage repair. In the present study, a total of 27 animals were used to compare the performance of matrix-assisted chondrocyte implantation (MACIs) using a collagen sponge as a chondrocyte delivery vehicle, the sponge membrane alone, and empty controls. A total of three distinct types of...Read More

Streaming Potential-Based Arthroscopic Device Discerns Topographical Differences In Cartilage Covered And Uncovered By Meniscus In Ovine Stifle JointsChangoor A, Quenneville E, Garon M, Cloutier L, Hurtig MB and Buschmann MDTransactions of the 53th Annual Meeting of the Orthopaedic Research Society, San Diego, CA, USA, 32:631. (2007)

Animal models of osteoarthritis have been used for understanding diseaseprogression and are essential for assessing potential new therapies. Ovine models, such as the lateral meniscectomy model, are of interest because meniscectomy models often follow a disease progression similar to that in humans, and joint size is sufficient for multiple analyses of cartilage including biomechanical, biochemical...Read More

Biomechanics and MechanoBiology of Human Cartilage ArticulationHsu FH, Alonso E, Raleigh AR, Saleh AA, Masuda K, Lotz MK, Chen AC and Sah ROrthopeadic Research Society Annual Meeting, 2016, Orlando, USA, Poster abstract 1428

Introduction: During joint articulation, cartilage, particularly that near the articular surface, undergoes a complex combination of compression, shear, and sliding.1,2 In vitro analyses have focused on cartilage biomechanics in response to relative surface movement at a constant velocity after startup. However, joint movement typically involves variability in the relative surface velocity....Read More

Multi-modal characterization of polymeric gels to determine the influence of testing method on observed elastic modulusDavid M. Kingsley, Caitlin H.McCleery, Christopher D.L.Johnson, Michael T.K.Bramson, Deniz Rende, Ryan J.Gilbert, David T.CorrJournal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials, available online 10 January 2019, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmbbm.2019.01.003

Demand for materials that mechanically replicate native tissue has driven development and characterization of various new biomaterials. However, a consequence of materials and characterization technique diversity is a lack of consensus within the field, with no clear way to compare values measured via different modalities. This likely contributes to the difficulty in replicating findings across the...Read More

Automated Indentation Mapping of Vocal Fold Structure and Cover Properties across SpeciesGregory R. Dion, MD, Jean-Francois Lavoie, PhD, Paulo Coelho, DDS, PhD, Milan R. Amin, MD, Ryan C. Branski, PhDLaryngoscope. 2018 Nov 8. doi: 10.1002/lary.27341

Objectives/Hypothesis: Various animal models have been employed to investigate vocal fold (VF) and phonatory function. However, biomechanical testing techniques to characterize vocal fold structural properties vary and have not compared critical properties across species. We adapted a nondestructive, automated indentation mapping technique to simultaneously quantify VF structural...Read More

Experimental and finite element analyses of bone strains in the growing rat tibia induced by in vivo axial compressionTanvir Mustafy, Irène Londono, Isabelle VillemureJournal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials

The objective of this study was to develop and validate a voxel based FE modeling approach to investigate bone strains from in vivo rat tibial compression during the adolescent period. To do so, in vivo strain gauge measurements and voxel based FE modeling derived from micro-CT scanning were combined for rat tibiae aged 4, 8 and 12 week old, respectively corresponding to the beginning of pubertal,...Read More

Mapping Articular Cartilage Biomechanical Properties of Normal and Osteoarthritic Mice Using Indentation (OARSI Poster)Lavoie JF, Sim S, Quenneville E, Garon M, Moreau A, Buschmann MD and Aubin CEOsteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI), 2015 April 30, Seattle, WA, United States

Purpose: Due to their size (~1mm), mouse models pose significant challenges to map biomechanical properties over their articular surfaces. The purpose of this study was to determine if an automated indentation technique could be used to map the biomechanical properties of the articular surfaces in murine knees and to identify early alterations of the articular cartilage of a mouse strain...Read More

Correlation of Non-destructive Electromechanical Probe () Assessment with Histological Ss and Mechanical Properties in Human Tibial PlateauSim S, Chevrier A, Garon M, Quenneville E and Buschmann MDOrthopeadic Research Society Annual Meeting in Las Vegas, 2015, Poster 1228

The purpose of the study was to investigate if electromechanical properties of human tibial plateau correlate strongly with histological ss and with biomechanical properties as in human distal femurs (Sim et al., 2014). Six pairs of tibial plateau from human donors (5 males and 1 female, average age 48 years) were provided by RTI Surgical (FL, USA). Ex vivo electromechanical properties were mapped...Read More

Guided subchondral bone marrow stimulation through a novel biomaterial microparticle approachHoemann C, Guzman-Morales J, Chen G, Picard G, Veilleux D, Sim S, Garon M, Quenneville E, Buschmann MD, Lafantaisie-Favreau CH and Hurtig MPresentation #335.2 on Fri May 20 from 16:30 to 18:15 in Room 516C at World Congress on Biomechanics, Montreal, May 2016

Hyaline-like cartilage repair can be occasionally elicited by bone marrow stimulation procedures however mainly in younger patients, indicating the need for further treatments to improve success rates in middle-aged patients. Traditional scaffold-guided repair approaches use a solid material to fill the wound void and to provide a mechanically stable substrate for cell attachment, ingrowth and differentiation....Read More

Bioinspired lubrication: from fundamentals to joint protectionX. Banquy, J. Faivre, G. Xie, K. Matyjaszewski, T. Delair, L. David, J. Burdynska, F. Moldovan, S. Benayoun, B. ShresthaICoBT, Montreal, Canada, September 27 2018. Oral presentation S8.1.

Introduction: We describe the design of bioinspired lubricating and wear protecting fluids based on synergistic mixtures of bottle brushes (BB) and linear polymers solutions. To illustrate this concept we used hyaluronic acid (HA) - a naturally occurring linear polyelectrolyte, and water soluble synthetic BB polymers. Individually, these two polymers exhibit poor wear protecting capabilities compared...Read More

Autonomously Self-Adhesive Hydrogels as Building Blocks for Additive ManufacturingDeng X, Attalla R, Sadowski LP, Chen M, Majcher MJ, Urosev I, Yin D-C, Selvaganapathy PR, Filipe CDM and Hoare TBiomacromolecules 2017, Published Online, doi: 10.1021/acs.biomac.7b01243

We report a simple method of preparing autonomous and rapid self-adhesive hydrogels and their use as building blocks for additive manufacturing of functional tissue scaffolds. Dynamic crosslinking between 2-aminophenylboronic acid-functionalized hyaluronic acid and poly(vinyl alcohol) yields hydrogels that recover their mechanical integrity within one minute after cutting or shear under both neutral...Read More

The shear mechanical properties of diabetic and non-diabetic plantar soft tissuePai S and Ledoux WRJournal of biomechanics, 45(2), 364-370. (2012)

Changes in the plantar soft tissue shear properties may contribute to ulceration in diabetic patients, however, little is known about these shear parameters. This study examines the elastic and viscoelastic shear behavior of both diabetic and non-diabetic plantar tissue. Previously compression tested plantar tissue specimens (n = 54) at six relevant plantar locations (hallux, first, third, and fifth...Read More

Indentation probing of human articular cartilage: effect on chondrocyte viabilityBae W, Schumacher B and Sah ROsteoarthritis and Cartilage, 15(1), 9-18. (2007)

BACKGROUND: Clinical arthroscopic probes based on indentation testing are being developed. However, the biological effects of certain design parameters (i.e., tip geometry and size) and loading protocols (i.e., indentation depth, rate, and repetition) on human articular cartilage are unclear.

OBJECTIVE: Determine if indenter design and indentation protocol...Read More

Strengthening of C2C12 mouse myoblasts against compression damage by mild cyclic compressive stimulationYao Y and Mak AFJ Biomech. 2016 Dec 8;49(16):3956-3961. doi: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2016.11.050. Epub 2016 Nov 16

Abstract
Deep tissue injury (DTI) is a severe kind of pressure ulcers formed by sustained deformation of muscle tissues over bony prominences. As a major clinical issue, DTI affects people with physical disabilities, and is obviously related to the load-bearing capacity of muscle cells in various in-vivo conditions. It is important to provide a preventive approach to help muscle cells...Read More

Tissue engineered nucleus pulposus tissue formed on a porous calcium polyphosphate substrateSeguin CA, Grynpas MD, Pilliar RM, Waldman SD and Kandel RASpine, 29(12), 1299-1306. (2004)

STUDY DESIGN: This study describes the formation of nucleus pulposus tissue using a novel tissue engineering approach. OBJECTIVES: To determine if a construct composed of nucleus pulposus tissue on the surface of a calcium polyphosphate substrate could be formed in vitro with properties similar to native nucleus pulposus tissue.

SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: There...Read More

Study of the evolution of the osteoarthritis pathology and the mechanical properties of cartilage in a spontaneous osteoarthritis model in the Dunkin-Hartley guinea pigs.Legrand C, Centonze P, Comblain F, Lambert C, Sanchez C and Henrotin YOsteoarthritis and Cartilage, 25, s314-s315.

Purpose: In animal models, the severity of cartilage damage is assessed by histological ss evaluating the structure, the proteoglycan content, Read More

Soft Tissue Phantoms for Realistic Needle Insertion - A Comparative StudyLeibinger A, Forte AE, Tan Z, Oldfield MJ, Beyrau F, Dini D and Rodriguez y Baena FAnnals of Biomedical Engineering. pp 1-11 (2015)

Phantoms are common substitutes for soft tissues in biomechanical research and are usually tuned to match tissue properties using standard testing protocols at small strains. However, the response due to complex tool-tissue interactions can differ depending on the phantom and no comprehensive comparative study has been published to date, which could aid researchers to select suitable materials. In...Read More

Evaluation of genipin for stabilization of decellularized porcine cartilageElder S, Pinheiro A, Young C, Smith P and Wright EJ Orthop Res. 2016 Nov 18. doi: 10.1002/jor.23483

Abstract

We speculate that an acellular osteochondral xenograft may be a good alternative to allografts for repair of focal articular cartilage lesions. In order to make a xenograft resistant to enzymatic degradation and to prevent a chronic immune response it may beneficial to stabilize it through crosslinking. The concept is analogous to treatment of porcine bioprosthetic heart...Read More

Elastic modulus of 316 stainless steel lattice structure fabricated via binder jetting processTang Y, Zhou Y, Hoff T, Garon M and Zhao FYMaterials Science and Technology 32(7):1743284715Y.000 · June 2015 DOI: 10.1179/1743284715Y.0000000084

This study mainly evaluates the elastic modulus of 316 stainless steel lattice structures fabricated via binder jetting process. In this present research, both solid and lattice samples are designed and fabricated by binder jetting process for two different types of mechanical tests. Besides experimental study, a numerical model based on energy approach has been proposed to predict the effective elastic...Read More

Addition of excess thyroid hormone induces detrimental changes in human ex vivo full thickness osteochondral explantsHoutman, E.; van Hoolwerff, M.; Ruiz, A. Rodriguez; Lakenberg, N.; Suchiman, E.; Nelissen, R.; Ramos, Y.; Meulenbelt, I.Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 26 (2018) S400 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joca.2018.02.777

Purpose: By applying 3D in vitro chondrogenesis in a model using human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSC), it was demonstrated that excess thyroid hormone (T3) and the upregulation of deiodinase iodothyronine type-2 (D2) gene (DIO2), had similar detrimental effects on cartilage matrix deposition. Moreover, an in vivo rat model further indicated that this unfavourable effect of DIO2 upregulation...Read More

Characterization of the effect of microfracture surgery and angle of incidence on the structural properties of femoral boneLiang LD, Wagner A, Steeds J, Hurtig M and Gordon KStudies by Undergraduate Researchers at Guelph, 7(1), 56-61. (2013)

Microfracture surgery is one of the most common treatment options for knee osteoarthritis, a chronic inflammatory disease of the knee joint. However, a recent study by Theodoropoulos et al. (2012) has shown that there are significant variations in the angle of surgical awl used by surgeons in microfracture surgery as well as in the rehabiliation regimen prescribed following surgery. The purpose of...Read More

Static and Dynamic Compression Application and Removal on the Intervertebral Discs of Growing RatsMenard AL, Grimard G, Massol E, Londono I, Moldovan F and Villemure IJournal of Orthopaedic Research Month 2015, pp.1-9. (2015)

Fusionless implants are used to correct pediatric progressive spinal deformities, most of them spanning the intervertebral disc. This study aimed at investigating the effects of in vivo static versus dynamic compression application and removal on discs of growing rats. A microloading device applied compression. 48 immature rats (28 d.o.) were divided into two groups (43d, 53d). Each group included...Read More

The Aortic Wrap Procedure - A Surgical Method of Treating Age-Related Aortic Dilatation and StiffnessIliopoulos JPhD Thesis, University of New South Wales, Sydney. (2006)

Introduction: There is progressive stiffening and dilatation of the aorta and large elastic arteries with aging as a result of the repetitive cyclic stress they are exposed to throughout life. Aortic stiffening has a number of detrimental effects including an increase in aortic pulse wave velocity and early wave reflection, isolated systolic hypertension, ventricular-vascular mismatch, impaired...Read More

A comparative biomechanical analysis of term fetal membranes in human and domestic speciesBorazjani A, Weed BC, Patnaik SS, Feugang JM, Christiansen D, Elder SH, Ryan PL and Liao JAmerican journal of obstetrics and gynecology, 204(4), 365. e325-365. e336. (2011)

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to biomechanically characterize and compare human, porcine, equine, and ovine fetal membranes.

STUDY DESIGN: Noncontact metrology was used for topographic analyses. Uniaxial tensile testing was performed to resolve specific biomechanical values. Puncture force and radial stresses were determined with biaxial puncture...Read More

Shear mechanics of the TMJ disc - relationship to common clinical observationsJuran CM, Dolwick MF, and McFetridge PSJ Dent Res. 2013 Feb, 92(2):193-8.

The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is a complex hinge and gliding joint that induces significant shear loads onto the fibrocartilage TMJ disc during jaw motion. The purpose of this study was to assess regional variation in the disc's shear loading characteristics under physiologically relevant loads and to associate those mechanical findings with common clinical observations of disc fatigue and...Read More

Longitudinal Stent Deformation: Importance of Stent Type and Stent AppositionPitne, M, van Niekerk E, Dokos S, Pelletier M and Walsh WRAmerican Journal of Biomedical Engineering, 3(3), 63-69. (2013)

Information on stent longitudinal strength is limited to benchtop models using unconstrained stents, consequently having uncertain clinical significance. This study investigated the effects of stent apposition and tube (artery) compliance on stent stability. Multilink Vision, Multilink 8, Promus Element, Driver and Integrity were examined. Stent size was 3/18 mm or closest length. Four scenarios were...Read More

Biomechanical Characterization of Human Soft Tissues Using Indentation and Tensile TestingGriffin M, Premakumar Y, Seifalian A, Butler PE and Szarko MJournal of Visualized Experiments?: JoVE. 2016;(118):54872. doi:10.3791/54872.

Abstract

Regenerative medicine aims to engineer materials to replace or restore damaged or diseased organs. The mechanical properties of such materials should mimic the human tissues they are aiming to replace; to provide the required anatomical shape, the materials must be able to sustain the mechanical forces they will experience when implanted at the defect site. Although the...Read More

Biomechanical Characterisation of the Human Auricular Cartilage - Implications for Tissue EngineeringGriffin MF, Premakumar Y, Seifalian M, Szarko and Butler PEMAnnals of Biomedical Engineering, 2016. Punlished online, 14Jul2016. DOI: 10.1007/s10439-016-1688-1

Currently, autologous cartilage provides the gold standard for auricular reconstruction. However, synthetic biomaterials offer a number of advantages for ear reconstruction including decreased donor site morbidity and earlier surgery. Critical to implant success is the material’s mechanical properties as this affects biocompatibility and extrusion. The aim of this study was to determine the biomechanical...Read More

A composite hydrogel for brain tissue phantomsForte AE, Galvan S, Manieri F,y Baena FR and Dini DMaterials & Design, 112, 227-238 (2016)

Synthetic phantoms are valuable tools for training, research and development in traditional and computer aided surgery, but complex organs, such as the brain, are difficult to replicate. Here, we present the development of a new composite hydrogel capable of mimicking the mechanical response of brain tissue under loading. Our results demonstrate how the combination of two different hydrogels, whose...Read More

Quantitative Analysis of Tissue Damage Evolution in Porcine Liver With Interrupted Mechanical Testing Under Tension, Compression, and Shear.Chen J, Brazile B, Prabhu R, Patnaik SS, Bertucci R, Rhee H, Horstemeyer MF, Hong Y, Williams LN, Liao JJ Biomech Eng. 2018 Jul 1;140(7). doi: 10.1115/1.4039825.

In this study, the damage evolution of liver tissue was quantified at the microstructural level under tensile, compression, and shear loading conditions using an interrupted mechanical testing method. To capture the internal microstructural changes in response to global deformation,...Read More

In Situ Cross-Linking of Poly (vinyl alcohol)/Graphene Oxide–Polyethylene Glycol Nanocomposite Hydrogels as Artificial Cartilage Replacement: Intercalation Structure, Unconfined Compressive Behavior, and Biotribological BehaviorsMeng, Yeqiao; Ye, Lin; Coates, Phil; Twigg, PeterJ. Phys. Chem. C, 2018, 122 (5), pp 3157–3167 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.7b12465

Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/graphene oxide (GO) nanocomposite hydrogel as artificial cartilage replacement was prepared via freezing/thawing method by introducing polyethylene glycol (PEG). Efficient grafting of PVA molecules onto GO surface was realized by formation of hydrogen bonding, resulting in exfoliation and uniform distribution of GO in PVA matrix. By introduction of appropriate content of GO,...Read More

The Effect Of Superimposed Vibrations On Chondrocytes Subjected To Dynamic Compressive LoadingWeber J and Waldman SOrthopeadic Research Society Annual Meeting in Las Vegas, Abstract 1244

Introduction: Mechanical stimulation is often used as a means to accelerate and improve the growth and properties of tissue engineered cartilage constructs. However, as cartilage cells (chondrocytes) rapidly desensitize to the imposed stimulus [1], the available window to apply mechanical loading is limited, thereby reducing the effectiveness of this treatment. One approach to mitigate the effects...Read More

Novel Biomechanical Indentation Test Demonstrates Joint Surface Weakening in Mice Lacking Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 3 (FGFR3)Binette JS, Laflamme F, Li W, Valverde-Franco G, Tran-Khanh N, Quenneville E, Henderson JE and Buschmann MDPaper presented at the 11th Canadian Connective Tissue Conference, Montreal, QC, Canada. (2005)

Recent advances in murine molecular genetics has enabled the production of mice with targeted disruption of genes that regulate cartilage and bone metabolism. These mice represent excellent models to study the 0 16 Wild Type etiology and progression of complex diseases, including arthritis. Mice lacking FGFR3-/- exhibit defects in cartilage and bone metabolism by 4 months of age Novel technology has...Read More

Dynamic Axial Loading Disrupts Lateral Integration of Arthritic Human Articular Cartilage and Synthetic Tissue Engineered Scaffolds in an Ex Vivo Ring ModelMintz BR, Papaliodis D, Jordan S, Leonard G, Mulligan M and Cooper JAOrthopeadic Research Society Annual Meeting in Las Vegas, 2015, Abstract 0390

Introduction: Common surgical procedures including mosaicplasty, microfracture, and autologous chondrocyte implantation to promote articular cartilage regeneration account for ~40% of knee arthroscopy.[1] These procedures are reliant on proper integration between newly placed tissue and surrounding native cartilage to provide a repair capable of reducing shear during articulation and resisting...Read More

Engineering degradable ''smart'' biomedical hydrogels on multiple length scalesHoare TOral #339.2 on Friday, May 20 from 16:30 to 18:30 in room 520B during World Biomaterials Congress, Montreal, May 2016

While multiple types of smart, environmentally-responsive materials have been explored for a variety of biomedical applications (e.g. drug delivery, tissue engineering, bioimaging, etc.), their ultimate clinical use has been hampered by their lack of biologically-relevant degradation as well as challenges regarding their non-surgical administration to the body. These factors have particularly limited...Read More

Fully injectable hydrazone-thiosuccinimide and hydrazone-disulfide interpenetrating polymer network hydrogels by kinetically orthogonal cross-linking of functionalized PNIPAM and PVP precurGilbert T and Hoare TPoster #P.0058 on Thursday, May 19 from 15:00 to 16:30 in room 220BCD (P1) during World Biomaterials Congress, Montreal, May 2016.

Introduction: IPNs are produced by interlocking two chemically distinct networks in each other’s free volume fraction. This interlocking and the potential for segregation of the IPNs into inhomogeneous domains can cause mechanical properties and microstructures distinct from single network controls. Prior IPNs reported as injectable (desired for minimally invasive delivery) were polymerized...Read More

Highly oriented in situ gelling nanocomposite hydrogels as tissue engineering scaffolds for promoting directional cell growthDe France K, Yager KG, Chan KJ, Hoare TR and Cranston EDPoster #P.0554 on Thursday, May 19 from 15:00 to 16:30 in room 220BCD (P3) during World Biomaterials Congress, Montreal, May 2016

Introduction: Patterned hydrogels and polymer scaffolds have attracted attention as platforms for directed cell growth due to the significant impacts cell alignment has on tissue regeneration, mechanical properties and various other cell behaviours[1],[2]. However, most currently reported platforms require lengthy micropatterning steps[3]-[10], limiting their clinical applicability in vitro....Read More

Cellularized collagen gels for tissue engineered vascular wall: in vitro models alternative to in vivo testingLoy C, Meghezi S, Seifu DG, Pezzoli D , Bono N , Levesque L, Drouin B and Mantovani DPoster #P.0616 on Thursday May 19 from 15:00 to 16:30 in room 220BCD (P3) during World Biomaterials Congress, Montreal, May 2016.

Introduction: Type I collagen-gels, as scaffolds for vascular tissue engineering, have a high potential for supporting and guiding vascular cells in the regeneration process. With this in mind, our project was to develop a set of easy-to-prepare collagen-based in vitro vascular wall models and experimental techniques to thoroughly characterize them.

Materials and Methods:...Read More

Intervertebral disc implantR Kandel, JP Santerre, SQ LiUS Patent App. 10195044, 2019

The present inventors have generated the tissues that comprise the intervertebral disc and have established viable protocols and tissue conditions that facilitate integration of all the tissue components into one functional tissue so it can weight bear following implantation. In particular, the inventors have prepared an intervertebral disc implant containing different integrated components (the...Read More

Guidelines for an optimized indentation protocol for measurement of cartilage stiffness - The effects of spatial variation and indentation parametersMoshtagh PR, Pouran B, Korthagen NM, Zadpoor AA and Weinans HJournal of Biomechanics 49(14) · September 2016 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2016.09.020

Mechanical properties of articular cartilage that are vital to its function are often determined by indentation tests, which can be performed at different scales. Cartilage tissue exhibits various types of structural, geometrical, and spatial variations that pose strict demands on indentation protocols. This study aims to define a reproducible micro-indentation protocol for measuring the effective...Read More

MachOne Analysis - Extraction of Elastic Model Parameters Following an Automated Indentation Mapping (SW186-SOP01-D v1)Sim S and Quenneville EBMM Inc. Laval (QC), Canada, Effective Date: April 17th, 2015

Purpose
This procedure describes a method to extract elastic model parameters (Instantaneous modulus, which is referred as the Young’s modulus in MachOne analysis, and shear modulus) from MachOne files generated during an automated indentation mapping of a surface (as per MA056-SOP01-D). It also describes the creation of a corresponding “.map” characterization file.

Scope...Read More

Effects of bone damage on creep behaviours of human vertebral trabeculaeP OCallaghan, M Szarko, Y Wang and J LuoBone Volume 106, January 2018, Pages 204-210

A subgroup of patients suffering with vertebral fractures can develop progressive spinal deformities over time. The mechanism underlying such clinical observation, however, remains unknown. Previous studies suggested that creep deformation of the vertebral trabeculae may play a role. Using the acoustic emission (AE) technique, this study investigated effects of bone damage (modulus reduction) on creep...Read More

Ermittlung mechanischer Kennwerte mittels IndentationSeidenstucker MBioNanoMat. 2015; 16 (2-3): 152–156 DOI 10.1515/bnm-2015-9014

(In Germany only) In der Materialprüfung sind Indentationsverfahren bereits seit Jahren g?ngige Praxis. Jedoch war es bisher nicht so ohne weiteres m?glich Gewebeproben, insbesondere Weichgewebe wie Knorpel zu untersuchen. Mit dem Mikroindenter MachOneTM von BMM k?nnen sowohl flexible Biomaterialien wie Kontaktlinsen oder Wundauflagen aus elektrogesponnenen Gelatinefliesen genauso wie biologische...Read More

Quantifying the Effects of Different Treadmill Training Speeds and Durations on the Health of Rat Knee JointsRios, Jaqueline Lourdes; Boldt, Kevin Rudi; Mather, James William; Seerattan, Ruth Anne; Hart, David Arthur; Herzog, WalterSports Medicine - Open 2018 4:15 https://doi.org/10.1186/s40798-018-0127-2

Background Walking and running provide cyclical loading to the knee which is thought essential for joint health within a physiological window. However, exercising outside the physiological window, e.g. excessive cyclical loading, may produce loading conditions that could be detrimental to joint health and lead to injury and, ultimately, osteoarthritis. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects...Read More

Investigating the role of in vivo cell cycle activation within mesenchymal stem cells in the regenerative potential of articular cartilage after injuryMasson, A. O.; Underhill, T. M.; Edwards, W. B.; Krawetz, R. J.Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 26 (2018) S38 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joca.2018.02.092

Purpose: Cartilage has intrinsic poor healing capacity after injury, which can lead to the development of degenerative diseases such as osteoarthritis (OA). Current treatments for OA are unable to effectively stop or delay disease progression. Hence, the development of methods for regenerating cartilage with sustained effects is clinically relevant. Deletion of the p21CIP1/WAF1 gene in mice results...Read More

Contrast-Enhanced Computed Tomography (CECT) attenuation is associated with stiffness of intact knee cartilageNickmanesh, Reza; Stewart, Rachel C.; Snyder, Brian D.; Grinstaff, Mark W.; Masri, Bassam A.; Wilson, David R.J. Orthop. Res. First published: 17 April 2018 doi:10.1002/jor.24022

Contrast?enhanced computed tomography (CECT) using charged contrast?agents enables quantification of cartilage glycosaminoglycan content. Since glycosaminoglycan content is a key determinant of cartilage compressive stiffness, CECT measurements have the potential to non?invasively assess cartilage stiffness. The objective of this study was to determine whether CECT attenuation, using a cationic contrast?agent...Read More

Glycation marker glucosepane increases with the progression of osteoarthritis and correlates with morphological and functional changes of cartilage in vivoLegrand, Catherine; Ahmed, Usman; Anwar, Attia; Rajpoot, Kashif; Pasha, Sabah; Lambert, Cecile; Davidson, Rose K.; Clark, Ian M.; Thornalley, Paul J.; Henrotin, YvesArthritis Research & Therapy 2018 20:131 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13075-018-1636-6

Background

Changes of serum concentrations of glycated, oxidized, and nitrated amino acids and hydroxyproline and anticyclic citrullinated peptide antibody status combined by machine learning techniques in algorithms have recently been found to provide improved diagnosis and typing of early-stage arthritis of the knee, including osteoarthritis (OA), in patients. The association of glycated, oxidized,...Read More

ASTM F2451-05 - Standard Guide for in vivo Assessment of Implantable Devices Intended to Repair or Regenerate Articular CartilageASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2010, www.astm.org

Significance and Use

This guide is aimed at providing a range of in vivo models to aid in preclinical research and development of tissue engineered medical products intended for the clinical repair or regeneration of articular cartilage.
This guide includes a description of the animal models, surgical considerations, and tissue processing as well as the qualitative and quantitative...Read More

Development of an Electromechanical Grade to Assess Human Knee Articular Cartilage QualitySim S, Chevrier A, Garon M, Quenneville E, Lavigne P and Buschmann MDAnn Biomed Eng. doi: 10.1007/s10439-017-1879-4. (2017)

Quantitative assessments of articular cartilage function are needed to aid clinical decision making. Our objectives were to develop a new electromechanical grade to assess quantitatively cartilage quality and test its reliability. Electromechanical properties were measured using a hand-held electromechanical probe on 200 human articular surfaces from cadaveric donors and osteoarthritic...Read More

Control of lung vascular permeability and endotoxin-induced pulmonary oedema by changes in extracellular matrix mechanicsAkiko Mammoto, Tadanori Mammoto, Mathumai Kanapathipillai, Chong Wing Yung, Elisabeth Jiang, Amanda Jiang, Kristopher Lofgren, Elaine P.S. Gee and Donald E. IngberNat Commun. 2013;4:1759. doi: 10.1038/ncomms2774.

Increased vascular permeability contributes to many diseases, including acute respiratory distress syndrome, cancer and inflammation. Most past work on vascular barrier function has focused on soluble regulators, such as tumour-necrosis factor-a. Here we show that lung vascular permeability is controlled mechanically by changes in extracellular matrix structure. Our studies reveal that pulmonary...Read More

Cross-linked Cellulose Nanocrystal Aerogels as Viable Bone Tissue ScaffoldsDaniel A. Osorioa, Bryan E.J. Lee, Jacek M. Kwiecien, Xiaoyue Wang, Iflah Shahid, Ariana L. Hurley, Emily D. Cranston, Kathryn GrandfieldActa Biomaterialia, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actbio.2019.01.049

Chemically cross-linked cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) aerogels possess many properties beneficial for bone tissue scaffolding applications. CNCs were extracted using sulfuric acid or phosphoric acid, to produce CNCs with sulfate and phosphate half-ester surface groups, respectively. Hydrazone cross-linked aerogels fabricated from the two types of CNCs were investigated using scanning electron microscopy,...Read More

Electromechanical properties of human osteoarthritic and asymptomatic articular cartilage are sensitive and early detectors of degenerationHadjab I, Sim S, Karhula S.S, Kauppinen S. Garon M, Quenneville E, Lavigne P, Lehenkari P.P and Buschmann MDOsteoarthritis Cartilage. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joca.2017.12.002. (2017)

Objective: To evaluate cross-correlations of ex vivo electromechanical properties with cartilage and subchondral bone plate thickness, as well as their sensitivity and specificity regarding early cartilage degeneration in human tibial plateau.

Method: Six pairs of tibial plateaus were assessed ex vivo using an electromechanical probe ()...Read More

Age-dependence of the Pattern of Cartilage Electromechanical Properties in the Ovine Stifle JointSim S, Picard G, Quenneville E, Garon M and Buschmann MDTransactions of the 59th Annual Meeting of the Orthopaedic Research Society, San Antonio, TX, USA, 2013.

Introduction: The biochemical composition and mechanical/electromechanical properties of articular cartilage evolve during growth. The objective of this study was to examine the age-dependence in the distribution pattern of electromechanical properties of ovine articular cartilage. To achieve this goal, we used a hand-held medical device (), designed to be used during arthroscopy,...Read More

Validation of a surgical wound healing model in Sprague-Dawley ratsAuthier S, Fournier S, Chaurand F, Gordon C, Garon M, Cloutier L and Troncy EPaper presented at the 27th Annual Meeting of the American College of Toxicology (November 2006)

BACKGROUND: Wound healing is a biological process that can be altered by drugs in specific therapeutic classes. The aim of the study was to validate a wound healing rat model with tensile strength measurements.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two (2) full thickness skin incisions (50 mm in length) were created in the thoracolumbar area of adult male Sprague-Dawley rats...Read More

Non-destructive electromechanical assessment () of human articular cartilage correlates with histological ss and biomechanical propertiesSim S, Chevrier A, Garon M, Quenneville E, Yaroshinsky A, Hoemann CD and Buschmann MDOsteoarthritis Cartilage, 22(11) 1926-35. (2014)

OBJECTIVE:The hand-held ? device is used to map electromechanical properties of articular cartilage. The purpose of the study was to evaluate correlation of electromechanical properties with histological, biochemical and biomechanical...Read More

Morphology and composition play distinct and complementary roles in the tolerance of plantar skin to mechanical loadColin J. Boyle, Magdalena Plotczyk, Sergi Fayos Villalta, Sharad Patel, Shehan Hettiaratchy, Spyros D. Masouros, Marc A. Masen and Claire A. HigginsScience Advances, 09 Oct 2019: Vol. 5, no. 10, eaay0244, DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aay0244

Plantar skin on the soles of the feet has a distinct morphology and composition that is thought to enhance its tolerance to mechanical loads, although the individual contributions of morphology and composition have never been quantified. Here, we combine multiscale mechanical testing and computational models of load bearing to quantify the mechanical environment of both plantar and nonplantar...Read More

The Verification of the Mechanical Properties of Binder Jetting Manufactured Parts by Instrumented Indentation TestingZhou Y, Tang Y, Hoff T, Garon M and Fiona Yaoyao Zhao43rd Proceedingsof the North American Manufacturing Research. Volume 1, Pages 327–342. (2014)

In order to figure out the mechanical properties of free form biomedical parts made by Additive Manufacturing (AM), Instrumented Indentation Testing (IIT) is introduced to measure the Young’s modulus from the free surface of the parts. The research also conducted several other different methodologies alongside the IIT in measuring the effective Young’s modulus as a comparison. A special designed...Read More

Freeze-Dried Chitosan-PRP Injectable Surgical Implants for Meniscus Repair: Pilot Feasibility Studies in Ovine ModelsGhazi Zadeh L, Chevrier A, Hurrtig MB, Farr J, Rodeo S, Hoemann CD and Buschmann MDRegen Med Ther, 1(1) 16-29. (2017)

Clinical management of meniscus tears often involves partial meniscectomy, which can lead to Osteoarthritis (OA). Meniscus repair augmentation strategies are being developed to compensate for the tissue’s limited healing response. The purpose of the study was to assess the feasibility of using implants composed of freeze-dried Chitosan (CS) solubilized in Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) to improve...Read More

Comparison Between In Vitro and Simulated Arthroscopy Electromechanical Measurements of Human Articular Surfaces Using the Sim S, Becher C, Garon M, Quenneville E, Hurschler C and Buschmann MDInternational Cartilage Repair Society 2016 in Sorrento, Italy. Poster 132

Purpose: The output of the was originally streaming potentials integral (SPI) parameter (Abedian-2013). Since then, the output has changed to a quantitative parameter (QP) (Sim-2014). The purpose of this study was to reanalyzed old data to investigate whether QP values are reliable for assessing articular cartilage in a clinical context.

Materials & Methods:...Read More

A study of saliva lubrication using a compliant oral mimicG. Carpenter, S. Bozorgi, S. Vladescu, A.E. Forte, C. Myant, R.V. Potineni, T. Reddyhoff, and S.K. BaierFood Hydrocolloids, Elsevier, Available online 23 January 2019, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodhyd.2019.01.049

Due to ethical issues and the difficulty in obtaining biological tissues, it is important to find synthetic elastomers that can be used as replacement test media for research purposes. An important example of this is friction testing to understand the mechanisms behind mouthfeel attributes during food consumption (e.g. syrupy, body and clean finish), which requires an oral mimic. In order to assess...Read More

Can the contralateral limb be used as a control during the growing period in a rodent model?Mustafy, T., Londono, I., & Villemure, I.Medical Engineering and Physics, 58, 31–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.medengphy.2018.04.013

The contralateral limb is often used as a control in various clinical, forensic and anthropological studies. However, no studies have been performed to determine if the contra-lateral limb is a suitable control during the bone development period. The aim of this study was to determine the bilateral symmetry of growing rat tibiae in terms of geometric shape, mechanical strength and bone morphological...Read More

Quantifying vocal fold wound?healing biomechanical property changesG. R. Dion, T. Guda, S. Mukudai, R.Bing, J-F. Lavoie and R.C. BranskiLaryngoscope. 2019 May 6. doi: 10.1002/lary.27999

Objectives

Development of novel vocal fold (VF) therapeutics is limited by a lack of standardized, meaningful outcomes. We hypothesize that automated microindentation?based VF biomechanical property mapping matched to histology permits quantitative assessment.

Study Design

Ex vivo.

Methods

Twelve anesthetized New Zealand white rabbits underwent...Read More

Injectable Interpenetrating Network Hydrogels via Kinetically Orthogonal Reactive Mixing of Functionalized Polymeric PrecursorsTrevor G, Niels M. B. Smeets and Hoare TACS Macro Letters, September 16, 2015, 1104–9. doi:10.1021/acsmacrolett.5b00362

The enhanced mechanics, unique chemistries, and potential for domain formation in interpenetrating network (IPN) hydrogels have attracted significant interest in the context of biomedical applications. However, conventional IPNs are not directly injectable in a biological context, limiting their potential utility in such applications. Herein, we report a fully injectable and thermoresponsive interpenetrating...Read More

Mechanical response of ankle ligaments at low loadsButler AM and Walsh WRFoot & ankle international, 25(1), 8-12. (2004)

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to examine the mechanical behavior of human ankle ligaments at low forces. Predominantly, ankle ligaments have been studied under the auspices of ligament injury. While the mechanical properties of a ligament when tested to failure provide a basis for comparisons, the loads and displacement do not reflect normal physiologic loading.

METHODS:...Read More

Tensile properties in collagen-rich tissues of Quarter Horses with hereditary equine regional dermal asthenia (HERDA)Bowser J, Elder S, Pasquali M, Grady J, Rashmir-Raven A, Wills R and Swiderski CEquine Vet J. 2014 Mar;46(2):216-22. doi: 10.1111/evj.12110. Epub 2013 Aug 30.

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Hereditary equine regional dermal asthenia (HERDA) is an autosomal recessive disorder of Quarter Horses characterised by skin fragility. Horses with HERDA have a missense mutation in peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase?B (PPIB), which encodes cyclophilin?B and alters folding and post translational modifications of fibrillar collagen.

OBJECTIVES:...Read More

Evaluation of a bioabsorable polylactide film in a large animal model for the reduction of retrosternal adhesionsIliopoulos J, Cornwall G, Evans R, Manganas C, Thomas K, Newman D and Walsh WJournal of Surgical Research, 118(2), 144-153. (2004)

OBJECTIVES: An adult pig model of retrosternal adhesion formation via an inferior hemisternotomy was used to evaluate the formation and development of pericardial and retrosternal adhesions, as well as adhesion reduction using two thicknesses of a bioabsorbable polylactide film.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-five adult female pigs (70 kg) were allocated to either...Read More

Effects of demineralized bone matrix on tendon-bone healing in an intra-articular rodent modelLovric V, Chen D, Yu Y, Oliver RA, Genin F and Walsh WRThe American journal of sports medicine, 40(10), 2365-2374. (2012)

BACKGROUND: Techniques to improve and accelerate tendon-bone healing could be advantageous in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. Effects of demineralized bone matrix (DBM) on intra-articular tendon-bone healing have not been examined.
HYPOTHESIS: Demineralized bone matrix has the potential to convey osteoinductive growth proteins to the site of healing at the tendon-bone...Read More

Defects in articular cartilage metabolism and early arthritis in fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 deficient miceValverde-Franco G, Binette JS, Li W, Wang H, Chai S, Laflamme F, Tran-Khanh N, Quenneville E, Meijers T, Poole AR, Mort JS, Buschmann MD and Henderson JEHuman molecular genetics, 15(11), 1783-1792. (2006)

Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) receptor 3 has been identified as a key regulator of endochondral bone development and of post-natal bone metabolism through its action on growth plate chondrocytes and osteoblasts, respectively. It has also been shown to promote chondrogenesis and cartilage production by cultured pre-chondrogenic cells in response to FGF18. In the current studies, we show that the absence...Read More

Experimental Investigation of Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Silica Nanoparticle-Reinforced Poly(acrylamide) Nanocomposite HydrogelsZaragoza J, Babhadiashar N, O’Brien V, Chang A, Blanco M, Zabalegui A, H Lee and Asuri PPLoS ONE 10(8): e0136293. doi:10.1371/journal. pone.0136293. (2015)

Current studies investigating properties of nanoparticle-reinforced polymers have shown that nanocomposites often exhibit improved properties compared to neat polymers. However, over two decades of research, using both experimental studies and modeling analyses, has not fully elucidated the mechanistic underpinnings behind these enhancements. Moreover, few studies have focused on developing an understanding...Read More

Differential roles of endothelin-1 in angiotensin II-induced atherosclerosis and aortic aneurysms in apolipoprotein E-null miceSuen RS, Rampersad SN, Stewart DJ and Courtman DWThe American journal of pathology, 179(3), 1549-1559. (2011)

Because both endothelin-1 (ET-1) and angiotensin II (AngII) are independent mediators of arterial remodeling, we sought to determine the role of ET receptor inhibition in AngII-accelerated atherosclerosis and aortic aneurysm formation. We administered saline or AngII and/or bosentan, an endothelin receptor antagonist (ERA) for 7, 14, or 28 days to 6-week- and 6-month-old apolipoprotein E-knockout...Read More

Heightened aberrant deposition of hard-wearing elastin in conduit arteries of prehypertensive SHR is associated with increased stiffness and inward remodelingArribas SM, Briones AM, Bellingham C, Gonzalez MC, Salaices M, Liu K, Wang Y and Hinek AAm J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, 2008, 295(6), H2299-2307

Elastin is a major component of conduit arteries and a key determinant of vascular viscoelastic properties. Aberrant organization of elastic lamellae has been reported in resistance vessels from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) before the development of hypertension. Hence, we have characterized the content and organization of elastic lamellae in conduit vessels of neonatal SHR in detail,...Read More

Assessment of a Regenerative Therapy Strategy for Chondral Defects in Articular CartilageCarroll AThesis Queen’s University, 2015

Osteoarthritis is one of the leading causes of disability in adults over the age of 40 years, and there is currently no curative measure for the disease. As a result, there is a critical need for a strategy that can promote cartilage regeneration. Of particular interest is an injectable, in situ gelling hydrogel for cell encapsulation that can be delivered with low cytotoxicity to native chondrocytes...Read More

Experimental Evidence of Mechanical Isotropy in Porcine Lung ParenchymaWeed B, Patnaik S, Rougeau-Browning M, Brazile B, Liao J, Prabhu R and Williams LNMaterials 2015, 8 , 2454-2466; doi:10.3390/ma8052454

Pulmonary injuries are a major source of morbidity and mortality associated with trauma. Trauma includes injuries associated with accidents and falls as well as blast injuries caused by explosives. The prevalence and mortality of these injuries has made research of pulmonary injury a major priority. Lungs have a complex structure, with multiple types of tissues necessary to allow successful respiration....Read More

Biomechanical and biochemical outcomes of porcine temporomandibular joint disc deformationMatuska AM, Muller S, Dolwick MF and McFetridge PSArchives of Oral Biology. 64, 2016, 72–79

Objective: The structure–function relationship in the healthy temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disc has been well established, however the changes in dysfunctional joints has yet to be systematically evaluated. Due to the poor understanding of the etiology of temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) this study evaluated naturally occurring degenerative remodeling in aged female porcine temporomandibular...Read More

Hyaluronic acid click hydrogels emulate the extracellular matrixOwen SC, Fisher SA, Tam RY, Nimmo CM and Shoichet MSLangmuir, 29(24), 7393-7400. (2013)

Hydrogels are used to create 3D microenvironments with properties that direct cell function. The current study demonstrates the versatility of hyaluronic acid (HA)-based hydrogels with independent control over hydrogel properties such as mechanics, architecture, and the spatial distribution of biological factors. Hydrogels were prepared by reacting furan-modified HA with bis-maleimide-poly(ethylene...Read More

The effect of two nonresorbable suture types on the mechanical performance over a metal suture anchor eyeletActon D, Perry A, Evans R, Butler A, Stephens P, Bruce W, Goldberg J, Sonnabend D and Walsh WKnee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy, 2004, 12(2), 165-168

An understanding of the mechanical properties of different suture materials is valuable when selecting the most appropriate suture and repair technique. Sutures should be strong, easy to handle and have high knot security. The introduction of suture anchors adds an additional variable regarding the effect of stress risers over the eyelet. Improving the mechanical properties of a suture may be a possible...Read More

Injectable Interpenetrating Network Hydrogels via Kinetically Orthogonal Reactive Mixing of Functionalized Polymeric PrecursorsGilbert T, Smeets NMB and Hoare TACS Macro Letters, 2015, 4, 1104-1109.

The enhanced mechanics, unique chemistries, and potential for domain formation in interpenetrating network (IPN) hydrogels have attracted significant interest in the context of biomedical applications. However, conventional IPNs are not directly injectable in a biological context, limiting their potential utility in such applications. Herein, we report a fully injectable and thermoresponsive interpenetrating...Read More

A new radiopaque embolizing agent for the treatment of endoleaks after endovascular repair: Influence of contrast agent on chitosan thermogel propertiesCoutu JM, Fatimi A, Berrahmoune S, Soulez G and Lerouge SJournal of Biomedical Materials Research Part B: Applied Biomaterials, 101(1), 153-161. (2013)

A new injectable radiopaque embolizing agent has been developed, based on chitosan thermogelling properties. Different commercial contrast agents (Isovue®, Visipaque®, and Conray®) were associated with chitosan-?-glycerophosphate. Their impact on gelation kinetic, mechanical properties, radiopacity, and cytotoxicity was tested to evaluate the best candidate and its feasibility for the treatment...Read More

Enhanced mechanical properties in cellulose nanocrystal-poly(oligo ethylene glycol methacrylate) injectable nanocomposite hydrogels through control of physical and chemical cross-linkingDe France KJ, Chan K.J.W, Cranston ED and Hoare TBiomacromolecules. 2016 Feb 8;17(2):649-60. doi: 10.1021/acs.biomac.5b01598. Epub 2016 Jan 15.

While injectable hydrogels have several advantages in the context of biomedical use, their generally weak mechanical properties often limit their applications. Herein, we describe in situ-gelling nanocomposite hydrogels based on poly(oligoethylene glycol methacrylate) (POEGMA) and rigid rod-like cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) that can overcome this challenge. By physically incorporating CNCs into hydrazone...Read More

Tuning the Microenvironment: Click-Crosslinked Hyaluronic Acid-Based Hydrogels Provide a Platform for Studying Breast Cancer Cell InvasionFisher SA, Anandakumaran PN, Owen SC and Shoichet MSAdv. Funct. Mater. 2015. DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201502778

A big challenge in cell culture is the non-natural environment in which cells are routinely screened, making in vivo phenomena, such as cell invasion, difficult to understand and predict. To study cancer cell invasion, extracellular matrix (ECM) analogs with decoupled mechanical and chemical properties are required. Hyaluronic acid (HA)-based hydrogels crosslinked with matrix-metalloproteinase (MMP)-cleavable...Read More

Defective Bone Mineralization and Osteopenia in Young Adult Fgfr3-/- MiceValverde-Franco G, Liu H, Davidson D, Chai S, Valderrama-Carvajal H, Goltzman D, Ornitz DM and Henderson JEHum Mol Genet, 13(3), 271-284

Mutations that cause constitutive activation of fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) result in letal disorders that are characterized by short-limbed dwarfism and premature closure of cranial sutures. In previous work, it was shown that congenital deficiency of FGFR3 led to letal overgrowth. Using a combination of imaging, classic histology and molecular cell biology we now show that young...Read More

The Effects of Oxidative Stress on the Compressive Damage Thresholds of C2C12 Mouse Myoblasts: Implications for Deep Tissue InjuryYao Y, Xiao Z, Wong S, Hsu YC, Cheng T, Chang CC, Bian L and Mak AFAnn Biomed Eng. 2015 Feb;43(2):287-96. doi: 10.1007/s10439-014-1239-6. Epub 2015 Jan 6.

Deep tissue injury (DTI) is a severe kind of pressure ulcers formed by sustained deformation of muscle tissues over bony prominences. As a major clinical issue, DTI affects people with physical disabilities, and is obviously related to the load-bearing capacity of muscle cells in various in vivo conditions. It has been hypothesized that oxidative stress, either induced by reperfusion immediately following...Read More

Infarcted rat myocardium: Data from biaxial tensile and uniaxial compressive testing and analysis of collagen fibre orientationSirry MS, Butler JR, Patnaik SS, Brazile B, Bertucci R, Claude A, McLaughlin R, Davies NH and Liao JData in Brief 8 (2016) 1338–1343

Myocardial infarction was experimentally induced in rat hearts and harvested immediately, 7, 14 and 28 days after the infarction induction. Anterior wall infarct samples underwent biaxial tensile and uniaxial compressive testing. Orientation of collagen fibres was analysed following mechanical testing. In this paper, we present the tensile and compressive stress–strain raw data, the calculated tensile...Read More

Determining the modulus of intact bovine vertebral cancellous bone tissue: Development and validation of a protocolEngbretson ACMaster thesis Queen's University. (2010)

Cancellous, or spongy, bone accounts for nearly 80% of the human leton’s internal surface area, despite comprising only 20% of its mass. It is made up of a network of struts and plates that provide lightweight internal support to mammalian bones. In addition, it often serves as the main interface between the letal system and implanted devices such as artificial hips, knees, and fracture fixation...Read More

Impact of storage conditions on electromechanical, histological and histochemical properties of osteochondral allograftsMickevicius T, Pockevicius A, Kucinskas A, Gudas R, Maciulaitis J, Noreikaite A and Usas ABMC Musculoletal Disorders, 16(1), 314. (2015)

Background: Osteochondral allograft transplantation has a good clinical outcome, however, there is still debate on optimization of allograft storage protocol. Storage temperature and nutrient medium composition are the most critical factors for sustained biological activity of grafts before implantation. In this study, we performed a time-dependent in vitro experiment to investigate the effect...Read More

Effect of synovial fluid on boundary lubrication of articular cartilageSchmidt TA and Sah RLOsteoarthritis Cartilage. 2007 Jan;15(1):35-47. Epub 2006 Jul 21

OBJECTIVES: The lubrication of articulating cartilage surfaces in joints occurs through several distinct modes. In the boundary mode of lubrication, load is supported by surface-to-surface contact, a feature that makes this mode particularly important for maintenance of the normally pristine articular surface. A boundary mode of lubrication is indicated by a kinetic friction coefficient...Read More

Improved cartilage integration and interfacial strength after enzymatic treatment in a cartilage transplantation modelvan de Breevaart Bravenboer J, In der Maur CD, Bos PK, Feenstra L, Verhaar JA, Weinans H, van Osch GJArthritis Res Ther. 2004;6(5):R469-76. Epub 2004 Aug 6

The objective of the present study was to investigate whether treatment of articular cartilage with hyaluronidase and collagenase enhances histological and mechanical integration of a cartilage graft into a defect. Discs of 3 mm diameter were taken from 8-mm diameter bovine cartilage explants. Both discs and annulus were either treated for 24 hours with 0.1% hyaluronidase followed by 24 hours with...Read More

Biomechanical models for radial distance determination by the rat vibrissal systemBirdwell JA, Solomon JH, Thajchayapong M, Taylor MA, Cheely M, Towal RB, Conradt J and Hartmann MJJournal of neurophysiology, 98(4), 2439-2455. (2007)

Rats use active, rhythmic movements of their whirs to acquire tactile information about three-dimensional object features. There are no receptors along the length of the whir; therefore all tactile information must be mechanically transduced back to receptors at the whir base. This raises the question: how might the rat determine the radial contact position of an object along the whir?...Read More

A fibril-network-reinforced biphasic model of cartilage in unconfined compressionSoulhat J, Buschmann MD and Shirazi-Adl AJournal of Biomechanical Engineering, Jun, 121(3), 340-347. (1999)

Cartilage mechanical function relies on a composite structure of a collagen fibrillar network entrapping a proteoglycan matrix. Previous biphasic or poroelastic models of this tissue, which have approximated its composite structure using a homogeneous solid phase, have experienced difficulties in describing measured material responses. Progress to date in resolving these difficulties has demonstrated...Read More

Low Magnitude High Frequency Vibration Accelerated Cartilage Degeneration but Improved Epiphyseal Bone Formation in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Transect Induced Osteoarthritis Rat ModelQin J, Chow S KH, Guo A, Wong WN., Leung KS and Cheung WHOsteoarthritis and Cartilage. July 2014, Vol.22(7):1061–1067. (2014)

Objectives: To evaluate the effects of low-magnitude high-frequency vibration (LMHFV) on degenerated articular cartilage and subchondral bone in anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) induced osteoarthritis (OA) rat model.

Methods: 6 months old female Sprague-Dawley rats received ACLT on right knee and randomly divided into treatment and control groups....Read More

Electromechanical Assessment of Human Knee Articular Cartilage with Compression-Induced Streaming PotentialsBecher C, Ricklefs M, Willbold E, Hurschler C, and Abedian RCartilage, 7(1) 62-69. (2016)

To assess the electromechanical properties of human knee articular cartilage with compression-induced streaming potentials for reliability among users and correlation with macroscopic and histological evaluation tools and sulfated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG) content.Streaming potentials are induced in cartilage in response to loading when mobile positive ions in the interstitial fluid temporarily move...Read More

Bone growth resumption following in vivo static and dynamic compression removals on ratsMenard AL, Grimard G, Londono I, Beaudry F, Vachon P, Moldovan F and Villemure IBone. 81 pp. 662-8 doi: 10.1016/j.bone.2015.09.013. (2015)

Mechanical loadings influence bone growth and are used in pediatric treatments of musculoletal deformities. This in vivo study aimed at evaluating the effects of static and dynamic compression application and subsequent removal on bone growth, mineralization and neuropathic pain markers in growing rats. Forty-eight immature rats (28 days old) were assigned in two groups (2- and 4 weeks experiment...Read More

Development of scaffold-free elastic cartilaginous constructs with structural similarities to auricular cartilageGiardini-Rosa R, Joazeiro PP, Thomas K, Collavino K, Weber J and Waldman SDTissue Engineering Part A. Volume 20, Numbers 5 and 6, 2014, pp 1012-26 (2014)

External ear reconstruction with autologous cartilage still remains one of the most difficult problems in the fields of plastic and reconstructive surgery. As the absence of tissue vascularization limits the ability to stimulate new , relatively few surgical approaches are currently available (alloplastic implants or sculpted autologous cartilage grafts) to repair or reconstruct the auricle...Read More

In vivo dynamic loading reduces bone growth without histomorphometric changes of the growth plateMenard AL, Grimard G, Valteau B, Londono I, Moldovan F and Villemure IJ Orthop Res. 2014 Sep;32(9):1129-36. doi: 10.1002/jor.22664. Epub 2014 Jun 6.

This in vivo study aimed at investigating the effects of dynamic compression on the growth plate. Rats (28 days old) were divided into three dynamically loaded groups, compared with two groups (control, sham). A device was implanted on the 6th and 8th caudal vertebrae for 15 days. Controls (n = 4) did not undergo surgery. Shams (n = 4) were operated but not loaded. Dynamic groups had sinusoidal compression...Read More

ASTM C273/C273M - Standard Test Method for Shear Properties of Sandwich MaterialsASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2016, www.astm.org

Significance and Use

5.1 The shear properties are fundamental properties that are used in the design of sandwich panels. This test method provides information on the force-deflection behavior of sandwich constructions or s when loaded in shear parallel to the plane of the facings. From a complete force-deflection curve, it is possible to compute shear stress at...Read More

ASTM D6195 - Standard Test Methods for Loop TackASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2011, www.astm.org

Significance and Use

These test methods provide a quantitative measure of the pressure-sensitive tack property of an adhesive.
These test methods are designed to measure the tack property of the adhesive mass. The tack of a given adhesive varies depending on the backing (generally, stiffer backings lead to higher values).
Theses test methods are suitable for quality control...Read More

ASTM F2664 - Standard Guide for Assessing the Attachment of Cells to Biomaterial Surfaces by Physical MethodsASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2011, www.astm.org

Significance and Use

Cell attachment or, lack of it, to biomaterials is a critical factor affecting the performance of a device or implant. Cell attachment is a complicated, time-dependent, process involving significant morphological changes of the cell and deposition of a bed of extracellular matrix. Details of the adhesive bond that is formed have been reviewed by, for example,...Read More

ASTM F88-M - Standard Test Method for Seal Strength of Flexible Barrier MaterialsASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2015, www.astm.org

Significance and Use

4.1 Seal strength is a quantitative measure for use in process validation, process control, and capability. Seal strength is not only relevant to opening force and package integrity, but to measuring the packaging processes' ability to produce consistent seals. Seal strength at some minimum level is a necessary package requirement, and at times it is...Read More

ASTM D2979 - Standard Test Method for Pressure-Sensitive Tack of Adhesives Using an Inverted Probe MachineASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2016, www.astm.org

Significance and Use

This test method provides a quantitative measure of the pressure-sensitive tack of the adhesive.

The method is designed for the adhesive mass itself and is suitable for measuring the tack of pressure-sensitive adhesives for use on both rigid and flexible backings.

This test method is suitable for quality control and research purposes.

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