细胞被均匀地限制/压缩在两个亚微米分辨率的两个平行表面之间。不同的限制高度（例如1um – 300um），允许长期细胞培养和细胞增殖，同时保持对封闭的完美控制
与高分辨率光学显微镜系统兼容，可以处理足够多的细胞以进行完整的基因表达分析，可与生物功能化的微结构化底物和/或不同的基质（几何形状控制）结合使用
可以与凝胶结合（硬度控制），兼容任何细胞培养底物（培养皿至96孔板）

产品：

应用：

Cell migration 2.5D, migration and interaction of non-adhesive cells, cell squeezing, imaging of flat cells (organelles aligned in 2D), super-resolution video-microscopy (organelles move less), contractility assay, etc
Confinement illustration
HeLa cells: not confined, 5 ?m, 3 ?m.
Explore examples of applications

> Cancer invasiveness assay: Quantification of migration behaviors and migration transitions
> Cancer aggressiveness assay: Quantification of contractility of somatic or cancer cells
> Endocytosis assay: Improved observation of events taking place at the membrane
> Exocytosis assay: Improved observation of events taking place at the apical membrane
> Frustrated phagocytosis: Characterization of the mechanism
> Immune system in a well: 2D migration and interaction of non-adherent immune cells
> Immune cells interaction: 2D interaction of non-adherent immune cells
> Mitotic assembly assay: Quantification of mitotic spindle disorders
> Quantitative cell migration assay: Fast and fine analysis of cell migration properties

文献：

PUBLICATIONS

Confinement and Low Adhesion Induce Fast Amoeboid Migration of Slow Mesenchymal Cells
Y.-J. Liu, M. Piel, Cell, et al., 2015 160(4), 659-672
Actin flows induce a universal coupling between cell speed and cell persistence
P. Maiuri, R. Voituriez, et al., Cell, 2015 161(2), 374–386
Geometric friction directs cell migration
M. Le Berre, M. Piel, et al., Physical Review Letter 2013 111, 198101
Mitotic rounding alters cell geometry to ensure efficient spindle assembly
O. M. Lancaster, B. Baum, et al., Developmental Cell, 2013 25(3), 270-283
Fine Control of Nuclear Confinement Identifies a Threshold Deformation leading to Lamina Rupture and Induction of Specific Genes
M. Le Berre, J. Aubertin, M. Piel, Integrative Biology, 2012 4 (11), 1406-1414
Exploring the Function of Cell Shape and Size during Mitosis
C. Cadart, H. K. Matthews, et al., Developmental Cell, 2014 29(2), 159-169
Methods for Two-Dimensional Cell Confinement
M. Le Berre, M. Piel, et al., 2014, Micropatterning in Cell Biology Part C, Methods in cell biology, 121, 213-29

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