标准培养限制有几种生理和病理过程，其中细胞经历体积变化。然而，没有可靠的方法可用于实时准确测量贴壁细胞的体积。 细胞体积测定的优势细胞在光学透明的腔室中培养，该腔室能够间准确确定它们的体积，并并行跟踪导致体积变化的生化过程，例如离子泵的激活。 例子从间期到 Raji 细胞有丝分裂的体积跟踪 [2]。
（A） 将细胞置于由柱设定的校准高度的聚（二甲基硅氧烷）室中，在补充有FITC葡聚糖的培养基中。下图：细胞在荧光图像上排除荧光（比例尺20 mm）。 （B） 对应于（A）中虚线的荧光文件：荧光强度的大值和小值分别对应于腔室大高度（背景）和零高度（柱）。右图：这些值用于校准信号并计算细胞的光学厚度。 （C） 后，通过对细胞面积上的总荧光强度进行积分来获得细胞体积。 (A) HeLa 细胞的体积轨迹。开始和结束时的两个体积超调对应于有丝分裂中的瞬时体积增加，一个对应于母细胞，二个对应于子细胞。 (B) (A) 中使用 FXm 的细胞的原始荧光图像。比例尺 50 毫米。
参考[1] Zlotek-Zlotkiewicz, E. 等人。(2015)。细胞生物学杂志，211 (4)，765–774。 [2] Cadart, C 等人。(2017)。细胞生物学方法，139,103-120。
提供实现工具细胞限制器-cell confiner（Cell confinement） 我们的cell Confiner是一种多功能设备，可通过对细胞应用定义明确的约束条件来研究细胞力学。限制方法基于将细胞固定在两个平行表面之间，从而实现均匀且定义明确的物理参数，例如细胞几何形状和环境弹性。此外，可以使用高分辨率显微镜对受限的细胞进行成像，因为该设备是光学透明的，并将细胞保持在焦平面上。 细胞被均匀地限制/压缩在两个亚微米分辨率的两个平行表面之间。两个表面之间的空间由微型PDMS支柱控制。 微型支柱在载玻片上制造，载玻片连接到PDMS活塞（吸盘）上。 活塞由真空泵控制，因此限制区的高度也受到控制。不同的限制高度（例如1um – 300um），允许长期细胞培养和细胞增殖，同时保持对封闭的完美控制
与高分辨率光学显微镜系统兼容，可以处理足够多的细胞以进行完整的基因表达分析，可与生物功能化的微结构化底物和/或不同的基质（几何形状控制）结合使用
可以与凝胶结合（硬度控制），兼容任何细胞培养底物（培养皿至96孔板）。 产品特性： >定义细胞的厚度和形状 用正确的限制滑片控制细胞的厚度 >同时进行多个实验 能够研究不同的细胞或同时应用不同的限制条件 >适用于高分辨率显微镜 光学透明的材料和紧凑的设计可实现高分辨率显微镜 >控制限制速度 通过真空泵j确控制限制速度 >可逆限制：限制后取回您的细胞 由于细胞的非破坏性方法，可以进行分子分析 >与您自己的实验兼容 该限制器是一种小型设备，直接放置在您的细胞培养液顶部 技术方案图
三种产品形式典型应用：>癌症浸润测定：迁移行为和迁移转变的量化 >癌症侵袭性测定：体细胞或癌细胞的收缩力定量 >内吞作用测定：更好地观察膜发生的事件 >胞吐法测定：更好地观察在顶端膜发生的事件 >吞噬功能失调：机制的表征 >孔中的免疫系统：非粘附免疫细胞的二维迁移和相互作用 >免疫细胞相互作用：非贴壁免疫细胞的2D相互作用 >有丝分裂组装测定：有丝分裂纺锤体疾病的定量 >定量细胞迁移测定：细胞迁移特性的快速，精细分析 >癌症研究 转移细胞的迁移 转移中的细胞收缩 DNA DSB修复（机械诱导） 基因组不稳定（细胞分裂） 分离共培养 >免疫学 免疫细胞迁移 非粘附细胞的成像 >器官生理学 癌细胞迁移 具有硬度控制的细胞区分 伤口愈合 分离共培养 细胞压缩反应 >罕见疾病 细胞核完整性 >老化 细胞核完整性 自噬相关疾病 >观测化 非粘附细胞的成像 细胞器的平面成像 >基础研究 细胞体积（细胞周期） 细胞机械力刺激反应 二维心肌细胞成熟测定
二维肝小管化验
3D心肌细胞成熟测定
3D肝小管测定
附着球体测定
细胞收缩力测定
细胞迁移测定
细胞核挤压测定
细胞j化
细胞体积测量
趋化性测定
共培养测定
胞吞试验
胞吐法
外泌体测定
片状脂蛋白和丝状体含量测定
活细胞成像
巨噬细胞j化测定
MT依赖性运输测定
神经肌肉连接测定
井中的神经元网络
细胞器定位分析
初次纤毛测定
骨骼肌细胞测定
平滑肌细胞
伤口愈合测定
PUBLICATIONS - Confinement and Low Adhesion Induce Fast Amoeboid Migration of Slow Mesenchymal Cells
Y.-J. Liu, M. Piel, Cell, et al., 2015 160(4), 659-672 - Actin flows induce a universal coupling between cell speed and cell persistence
P. Maiuri, R. Voituriez, et al., Cell, 2015 161(2), 374–386 - Geometric friction directs cell migration
M. Le Berre, M. Piel, et al., Physical Review Letter 2013 111, 198101 - Mitotic rounding alters cell geometry to ensure efficient spindle assembly
O. M. Lancaster, B. Baum, et al., Developmental Cell, 2013 25(3), 270-283 - Fine Control of Nuclear Confinement Identifies a Threshold Deformation leading to Lamina Rupture and Induction of Specific Genes
M. Le Berre, J. Aubertin, M. Piel, Integrative Biology, 2012 4 (11), 1406-1414 - Exploring the Function of Cell Shape and Size during Mitosis
C. Cadart, H. K. Matthews, et al., Developmental Cell, 2014 29(2), 159-169 - Methods for Two-Dimensional Cell Confinement
M. Le Berre, M. Piel, et al., 2014, Micropatterning in Cell Biology Part C, Methods in cell biology, 121, 213-29
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相关产品： 1、细胞力产生和力传递综合测量分析系统 2、各种生物力学设备
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